If warts appear near the anus, this means that the human papillomavirus (HPV) is progressing in the body. A dangerous infection, which in the active stage can cause oncology, death. Diagnosis and treatment must be timely.
What is the human papillomavirus?
HPV is a common genital infection that, through active cell division, causes warts to appear in intimate areas. The group of viruses of the papillomavirus family includes 5 genera, 27 species, more than 170 strains. HPV is infected with approximately 60% of the world's population. In most cases, the virus has been in the body in a latent form for many years.
Incubation period
Replication lasts 3 months, when the virus does not manifest itself in any way. In some cases, the incubation period varies from 16 days to 12 months, depending on the state of immunity. During this period, the infection multiplies, affects healthy tissue. Young women's immunity clears HPV on its own in 80-90% of cases. In the remaining 10-20%, the infection intensifies, the disease becomes chronic.
Pathways of infection
Human papillomavirus infection in women enters the body in the following ways:
- Sexual. The main route of infection, in which the infection enters the body through anal, vaginal contact.
- Contact and home. The use of things, clothes, shoes, household goods of a sick person.
- From mother to fetus. HPV is passed to the baby as she passes through the birth canal if the mother is infected.
- Contact. Contact with the skin of an infected person.
Causes of HPV in women
Strong immunity destroys the virus in 90% of cases and no treatment is required. In the rest of the patients it is activated, it relapses. The causes of HPV in women are:
- viral diseases;
- early sexual activity;
- HIV AIDS;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- immunosuppressive therapy;
- unprotected sex;
- long-term medication;
- childbirth, frequent abortions;
- diabetes;
- drug addiction, alcoholism in women;
- chronic diseases of the genitourinary sphere;
- weak immunity after illness.
That is dangerous
Papillomavirus in women causes malignant tumors of the cervix, lips, vulva, and anus. Breast cancer can progress. To exclude uterine dysplasia and further development of cancer, it is necessary to determine the DNA virus in time and start treatment. HPV during pregnancy is fraught with infections of the fetus. If a woman becomes ill while pregnant, complex therapy begins at the age of 7 months, when the child's organs are fully formed.
Oncogenic HPV types
Depending on the degree of cancer risk, the following types of HPV are distinguished in women:
- Not oncogenic. HPV types 1, 2, 4, 5. Pathogenic changes in cells are excluded, cancer does not develop.
- Low oncogenic. HPV types 3, 6, 11, 13, 32, 34, 40–44, 51, 61, 72, 73 do not cause oncology with persistent immunity. Under the influence of provoking factors, the development of a malignant tumor is possible.
- Medium oncogenic. HPV types 52, 53, 56, 58 and 30, 35, 45. Under the influence of provoking factors, cancer develops.
- Highly oncogenic. HPV types 50, 59, 68, 64, 70 and 16, 18, 31, 33, 39. The probability of developing oncology is high.
HPV types 16 and 18
HPV type 16 is highly oncogenic. The microbe invades the cells of the body, blocks the antitumor defense. In the genital area, the anus, gray spots with a rough surface appear. Over time, warts, papillomas, and condylomas form. They are located not only on the genitals, but also on the neck, eyelids, thighs, and armpits.
HPV type 18 also integrates into the DNA of cells, reduces the activity of the immune system, which creates favorable conditions for benign tumors prone to malignancy. Cervical cancer can develop. HPV type 18 also causes papillomas, genital warts, and warts.
Symptoms of infection
Signs of infection depend on the strains the person has contracted. At first, the HPV carrier does not feel discomfort. The virus is in a latent (asymptomatic) form. Under the influence of provoking factors, the following signs of HPV appear:
- pain in the external genitalia;
- burning sensation, vaginal discharge;
- skin neoplasms;
- pain during intercourse.
Papillomas and condylomas
Skin growths are the first sign of HPV. Genital warts appear when infected with viruses of 6, 11 types. The growths are flesh-colored, externally reminiscent of cauliflower. Such neoplasms are often prone to malignancy, they are localized in the anus, external genitalia, rarely near the oral cavity. The eruptions are multiple and can merge into large foci. The main danger is the risk of injury from such a build-up on a thin leg.
Papillomas are caused by the activity of HPV types 1, 2, 3, 4, 10. Located on the lips, eyelids, chest, neck, armpits and mouth. Growths of dense consistency on the leg vary in color (pink, brown, pale). In women, vestibular papillomatosis can get worse. The disease cannot be cured. With strong immunity, such growths disappear without treatment, the risk of malignancy is minimal.
Warts
In women, the following types of warts are distinguished by their shape:
- Ordinary (vulgar). Located on the face, head, fingers, hands. Plantar warts appear on the soles of the feet, caused by HPV types 1, 2.
- Filamentous. Nodules on the leg are found in the groin, under the armpits and the mammary glands, on the genitals.
- Plano (juvenile). Located in the armpits, neck, arms, face and chest. They appear in adolescence, disappear on their own when they grow up. Caused by a virus of types 3, 5.
Diagnosis
To speed up the recovery of girls and women, you need to be tested and correctly determine the type of virus. In case of dangerous conditions, a woman is registered with a venereal disease department. Diagnosis is complex, it includes the following methods:
- Instrumental examination performed by a gynecologist. The doctor detects skin neoplasms, determines their size and location.
- Colposcopy. A colposcope is used to examine the vagina, cervix, and vulva. For study precision, use Lugol's solution, acetic acid.
- Biopsy. Biomaterial scraping from the cervix is performed to confirm or exclude an oncology.
- PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Determine the presence of human papillomavirus DNA.
- ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). It is carried out to detect specific antibodies in the blood in response to the effect of the virus.
Vaginal cytology
This method is used in gynecology. To determine cancerous changes in the epithelium, a scraping of the cervix is performed. The material is taken from the cervical canal, the mucous membrane on the inner side of the cervix, and the vaginal cul-de-sac. It is stained, dried, and then examined under a microscope. The purpose of the test is to identify cancer and atypical cells.
The stages for evaluating the results are as follows:
- lack of microbial flora;
- the initial stage of atypical cells;
- abnormal structure of nuclei;
- cells with irregular nucleus, cytoplasm, chromosomes;
- high concentration of malignant cells.
PCR diagnostics
To determine the characteristic DNA regions of the papillomavirus, a vaginal scraping is performed. With a positive result, the antigen concentration per 100 cells is as follows:
- Lg up to 3: HPV level is low.
- Lg 3-5 is a large number of papillomavirus.
- Lg of 5 - high concentration of HPV.
Digene test
This is a hybrid capture method that detects regions of the papillomavirus DNA. The screening test is characterized by high sensitivity (more than 96%), detects HPV at an early stage and a tendency to oncology. The Digene test determines the concentration of the virus, often combined with a cytology study. The Digene test requires no preparation and is used worldwide for fast results.
Treatment of papillomavirus in women.
Complex HPV therapy includes the following areas:
- excision of growths on the skin;
- taking antiviral medications;
- course of immunostimulating treatment.
Condylomas and papillomas, depending on their location on the body, are easy to injure. Also, neoplasms can grow. It is better to remove these growths by surgery. Otherwise, the risk that the skin lesions will soon turn cancerous increases.
Medicine
It is necessary to take medications to reduce the activity of the virus and strengthen the immune system. The diagnosis is curable. List of drugs for complex treatment of HPV:
- Local cauterizers. These are gels, ointments, solutions with organic acids, antiviral components in the composition. In this way, you can remove small growths on the skin, stop their growth.
- Antiviral. The composition of the drugs contains an antiviral component, when it enters the body, antibodies to infection are produced.
- Immunomodulators. They inhibit the reproduction of the papilloma virus, stop the growth of skin growths, increase resistance to pathogenic flora and strengthen the immune system.
Surgical
To stop the growth of neoplasms on the skin with a viral disease, one of the proposed surgical techniques is performed:
- Laser therapy. Cauterization of growths with laser. The method is allowed during pregnancy, it is characterized by good tolerance, quick rehabilitation.
- Cryodestruction. The warts are frozen with liquid nitrogen, after which they disappear painlessly. After the procedure, the scars do not remain on the body.
- Diathermocoagulation. Growths on the skin are removed with an electric scalpel, electric current. After the procedure, scars and scars remain on the body.
- Radio wave treatment. The method is painless, removes medium-sized growths, leaves no scars, and has minimal medical contraindications.
- Surgical method. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia after a preliminary examination. Indications: extensive soft tissue lesions, suspected oncology. The downside is the scars.
Home remedies
To eliminate the manifestations of the papillomavirus in the complex treatment scheme, alternative medicine methods are used. It is impossible to cure HPV from the inside in this way, but it is really possible to remove neoplasms on the skin without consequences. To remove genital warts, warts, and papillomas, use the following healthy recipes:
- Remove a fresh stalk of celandine, rinse, and rub the growth into the skin. Perform the procedure 1 time a day until the wart dries and falls off on its own.
- Lubricate warts with castor oil 3-4 times a day. Perform procedure until buildup disappears.
- Squeeze the juice from the garlic, lubricate the lesions of the pathology. Carry out the procedure 2-3 times a day. Over time, the wart will go away.
- Cut the rowan berry in half. Apply on the wart, secure with plaster. Perform the procedure before bedtime, positive dynamics is noticeable after 8 days. The course of treatment is 2-3 weeks.
- Combine lemon juice, apple cider vinegar, and hydrogen peroxide in equal proportions. Stir, apply on outer growths 2-3 times / day, until they fall off.
To quickly destroy the virus and strengthen the immune system, healing decoctions and infusions can be included instead of tea in the complex treatment scheme. Home remedies with immunostimulating properties are the following:
- Coniferous infusion. Pour 1 tbsp. l. needles chopped needles 1 cup of boiling water. Cook over low heat for a quarter of an hour. Cool, strain, take the broth before meals (you can add honey).
- Sugary onions. Cook in boiling water for 10 minutes. onion peel in a ratio of 1: 10. Insist broth, strain. Take 1 teaspoon by mouth. 5-6 times a day before meals (honey can be added).
Prophylaxis
It is difficult to choose the right drug and destroy the papilloma virus forever. Also, antiviral therapy has several side effects. You need to deal with preventive measures in time. The medical recommendations are as follows:
- Follow the rules of personal hygiene.
- Get tested for HPV 2 times a year.
- Eliminate promiscuous sex.
- Use a barrier method of birth control.
- Strengthen the immune system (especially during the period of seasonal vitamin deficiency).
- Monitor your medication intake.
- He leads an active lifestyle, plays sports.
Prevention of HPV in women includes vaccination. Stationary vaccination can protect against only 4 types of papillomavirus: 16 and 18, 6 and 11.