In this article, we will cover the following:
- what are papillomas;
- what is the reason for its formation.
- where they are more common in men and women;
- typical papillomas.
Papillomas are benign neoplasms located on the skin, mucous membranes. The reason for its formation is the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is transmitted in various ways. The appearance of the formations depends on the type of virus that caused them.
Transmission paths
The human papillomavirus is transmitted by:
- During sexual intercourse, including anal, oral-genital.
- Home. The microorganism can exist in personal belongings, personal hygiene items, infected towels. Easily penetrates through scratches, skin abrasions.
- During labor from mother to child.
Possibly self-infection if the virus is transferred from one area of the body to another, which usually occurs when shaving, waxing.
The incubation period (the period from the entry of HPV into the body to the appearance of signs of pathology) varies from several weeks to several years.
Papillomas on the body appear most often in case of illness, pregnancy, alcohol abuse, psycho-emotional stress, hypothermia, accompanied by a decrease in immune defenses. The incidence of these formations in men and women is the same.
Human papillomavirus: types
Depending on the risk of oncological pathology in the skin, mucous papilloma viruses belong to the following groups:
- Low oncogenic risk (HPV types 3, 6, 11, 13, 32, 34, 72, 73, 40-44, 51, 61).
- Medium oncogenic risk (HPV types 52, 56, 58, 30, 35, 45).
- High risk of developing malignant processes (HPV 50, 59, 16, 18, 64, 68, 70, 31, 33, 39 types).
Microorganisms with a low degree of cancer risk cause benign growths on the skin and mucous membranes.
Types of papillomas
Simple
They are also called vulgar, ordinary. These growths are most often caused by HPV types 26-29, 77, 63, 41.
A tingling and burning sensation appears anywhere on the body. Later, the growth of a spherical formation is observed, the surface of which gradually becomes rough. The tumor is flesh-colored at first, then darkens. The size of the papilloma on the body is 1mm to cm
These neoplasms are single, multiple. In the latter case, the small daughter papillomas are located around the maternal one, they form first, usually the largest of all.
Its location is the back of the hands, the fingers, the spaces between them, the chin area, the edges of the lips. There are such papillomas on the neck. The child's knees are affected, because children often crawl, they become infected through small lesions on the skin.
Plant
People with these formations are infected with HPV types 1, 2, 4. The growths are similar to dry calluses, but have a number of characteristic differences.
The skin pattern is preserved in the calluses, absent on the surface of the papillomas, the latter are smooth. The formation caused by the papillomavirus is painful, unpleasant sensations are intensified when wearing tight shoes. Inside the papilloma, black dots are visible, which are absent in the corns.
Neoplasms sometimes self-destruct, which is more common in children. Sometimes small bubbles are seen around the neoplasm. The latter develop into new papillomas over time.
Flat papillomas
Rounded, elongated and oval growths rise above the level of the skin between 1 and 2 millimeters. Flat papillomas are located around the mouth, face, and upper half of the body. Papillomas sometimes form on the neck.
There is evidence of papilloma on the lips, the cervix in girls, the penis in men, in the rectum, near the anus. These formations are located in groups, they merge with each other. Flesh-colored flat papillomas, sometimes a little darker than the rest of the skin, form under the influence of 10, 49, 28 varieties of papillomavirus.
Threading
If people notice that small papillomas have appeared on the neck, most of the time the growths are filiform. The second name of the formations isacrochordus. The latter are caused by 2, 7 types of HPV.
In the initial stage, the papillomas on the neck look like small yellowish seals, then the growths stretch out, become rough and acquire an elongated, rounded and thread-like shape. A distinctive feature of a similar papilloma on the neck is a thin leg.
Acrocordus most often forms in men, women over 40 years old. Growths also occur on the skin of the upper eyelids, armpits, mammary glands, in the intimate area.
Pointed
The training data is namedwarts,are caused by types 6, 11, 44, 42, 54, 51, 55, 89 types of human papillomavirus in womenand men.
Condylomata are small, single, multiple, flesh-colored growths located on the male and female genitalia, around the anus. There are papillomas on the vagina, labia minora, cervix. In men, condylomata are found on the foreskin, the head of the penis, inside the urethra.
Separated elements sometimes merge with each other, a tumor-like formation appears, which outwardly resembles the crest of a rooster, a cauliflower. Neoplasms are characterized by very rapid growth, a wide lesion can form within a few hours.
The pathology has a recurring course. It is more severe with concomitant sexually transmitted infections of the urogenital tract (eg, Chlamydia, gonorrhea, mycoplasmosis).
Condylomata that form on the cervix, especially within the cervical canal, are most dangerous during pregnancy. Hormonal changes stimulate rapid growth, followed by tissue breakdown and secondary infections.
Papillomas in the mouth, larynx
Its appearance is associated with the activity of papillomavirus 6, 7, 11, 72, 73, 57, 32 types. The formations are rounded formations on a thin or wide base. The surrounding mucosa is pale pink, with no visible pathological changes. The surface of the growths is pale pink, whitish.
Neoplasms are single, multiple, and painless when pressed. They are located in the lower part of the oral cavity, the back of the tongue, hard, soft palate, laryngeal mucosa, the size varies from 2 mm to 2 cm.
Excessive growth of the mucous membrane of the mouth bleeds when bitten, darkens as a result of the spilling of blood into itThe state of health in the presence of such a disease does not deteriorate, the oral cavity opens freely.
When in an adult single growths are located on the soft palate, tonsils, on the glottis, there is a sensation of the presence of a foreign body, a cough, the voice becomes hoarse. If the lesions become multiple, these symptoms are aggravated.
In children, pathological growths are usually bilateral, their appearance is accompanied by the following symptoms:
- Difficulty inhaling, exhaling, arising after physical exertion, then at complete rest.
- Cough after running, playing too much.
- Suffocating attacks withstenosisof the larynx (pathological narrowing that prevents air from entering the lower respiratory tract).
The appearance of different external papillomas is associated with infection with various types of HPV. To eliminate neoplasms, you need to consult a doctor. This should be done as soon as possible if the papillomas are multiple, rapidly increasing in size, causing discomfort, and constantly injured.